扶正法邪 (Supporting the Right and Expelling the Evil) is a general guiding principle in the treatment of diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM believes that the reason people become ill is due to insufficient 正气 (zhèng qì, righteous qi), which allows 邪气 (xié qì, evil qi) to invade, or that the evil qi overcomes the righteous qi within the body. Therefore, TCM posits that the treatment of diseases should focus on supporting the right qi and expelling the evil qi, helping to alter the balance of these forces within the body, increasing the righteous qi and reducing or eliminating the evil qi.
Generally speaking, the approach of supporting the right and expelling the evil can be divided into three smaller principles based on different situations: 扶正以祛邪 (supporting the right to expel the evil), 祛邪以扶正 (expelling the evil to support the right), and 扶正与祛邪并用 (using both supporting the right and expelling the evil). These three principles apply to different conditions, and we can choose according to the specific situation.
(1) 祛邪以扶正. This principle is mainly used for conditions where the evil qi is strong within the body, indicating that the evil qi has the upper hand in the struggle against the righteous qi. Therefore, we need to expel the evil qi, which is equivalent to supporting the right. In such cases, TCM typically employs methods such as 消解 (xiāo jiě, resolving), 发表 (fā biǎo, dispersing), and 泻下 (xiè xià, purging) to expel the evil, which are mainly used for treating acute diseases.
(2) 扶正以祛邪. This principle is mainly applicable to conditions where the righteous qi is deficient or simply insufficient without the presence of evil qi, such as symptoms of general weakness, fainting, or diarrhea. For these conditions, TCM generally adopts measures such as 滋阴 (zī yīn, nourishing yin), 养血 (yǎng xuè, nourishing blood), 助阳 (zhù yáng, assisting yang), and 补虚 (bǔ xū, tonifying deficiency).
(3) 扶正与祛邪并用. This principle is suitable for situations where the forces of righteousness and evil are relatively balanced, where the evil qi is not as vigorous as in acute diseases, and the righteous qi also appears weak. Using both supporting the right and expelling the evil can simultaneously tonify the deficiency of righteous qi and attack the excess of evil qi, thus significantly improving the efficiency of disease treatment. For example, in treating liver cirrhosis with ascites, we can both expel the evil by promoting blood circulation and resolving stasis, and support the right by using tonifying herbs.
In summary, regardless of the method used to expel the evil and support the right, it is crucial to mobilize the patient’s own initiative in treating the disease to enhance their confidence in overcoming the illness, which will lead to faster recovery.
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