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Blood stasis refers to the obstruction of blood flow, characterized by fixed stabbing pain, masses, bleeding, and signs of blood stasis.
(1) Clinical Manifestations
The pain is characterized by stabbing sensations, persistent pain that resists pressure, fixed and immovable, often worsening at night; the nature of masses is that those on the surface are dark purple, while those in the abdomen are hard and immovable upon palpation; the bleeding is characterized by recurrent and persistent bleeding, dark purple in color or mixed with clots, or black tarry stools, or women experiencing menorrhagia or abnormal bleeding; signs of blood stasis include a dark complexion, cyanosis of lips and nails, subcutaneous purpura, or visible veins on the abdomen, or the appearance of thread-like red streaks on the skin, or purple spots on the tongue, or varicosities under the tongue, with pulses often being thin and choppy or intermittent, or even absent.
(2) Syndrome Analysis
This syndrome is often caused by qi stagnation leading to poor blood circulation, or deficiency of yang qi resulting in weak blood movement, or cold blood, hot blood, or bleeding due to trauma; it can also be caused by damp-heat, phlegm turbidity, or stones obstructing blood flow, leading to stagnation in the vessels.
The mechanism of blood stasis syndrome primarily involves the accumulation of stagnant blood, obstructing the flow of qi and blood, leading to pain when there is obstruction; hence the characteristics of stabbing pain, fixation, and resistance to pressure; at night, yang qi is hidden, and yin qi is active, resulting in slower blood flow and increased stagnation, hence the pain worsens at night; if blood accumulates and coagulates into masses, dark purple masses and dark purple bleeding occur; if blood does not follow the vessels and spills outside, various types of bleeding are observed; if blood flow is obstructed, qi and blood cannot nourish the skin, leading to dryness and roughness of the skin; if blood flow is stagnant, the color of the blood changes to purple or black, hence the dark complexion and cyanosis of lips; if the vessels are obstructed, visible veins and thread-like red streaks appear, with spots on the tongue and choppy pulses.
Stagnant blood can obstruct various organs and tissues, leading to different names for blood stasis syndrome, such as heart vessel obstruction syndrome, brain vessel obstruction syndrome, gastrointestinal blood stasis syndrome, liver channel blood stasis syndrome, uterine blood stasis syndrome, chest obstruction syndrome, lower jiao blood stasis syndrome, skin blood stasis syndrome, and vessel stasis syndrome, each presenting with specific symptoms related to the affected organ or tissue.
(3) Key Diagnostic Points
The main manifestations are fixed stabbing pain, masses, bleeding, and signs of blood stasis.
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