The Efficacy, Functions, and Contraindications of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

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The Efficacy, Functions, and Contraindications of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

1Cardiovascular System Effects

1. Strengthens the heart, enhances myocardial contractility, and improves cardiac function without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption.

2. Vascular effects: dilates coronary arteries, increases myocardial blood flow; dilates peripheral blood vessels, increases blood flow; decreases cerebral blood flow.

3. Antithrombotic effects: increases fibrinolytic activity; prolongs bleeding and coagulation times; inhibits platelet aggregation (increases cAMP levels in platelets to inhibit TXA2 synthesis); improves blood rheological properties (reduces blood viscosity, shortens erythrocyte electrophoresis time).

4. Improves microcirculation.

2Promotes Tissue Repair and Regeneration

1. Promotes tissue repair and regeneration: Dan Shen preparations accelerate the clearance of necrotic myocardium; significant differentiation of fibroblasts and formation of collagen fibers; granulation tissue formation is relatively mature. Local congestion is alleviated, blood circulation improves, and healing time is shortened.

2. Inhibits excessive proliferation: has an inhibitory effect on excessively proliferating fibroblasts.

3Inhibitory Effects

Antibacterial: Dan Shen preparations contain tanshinone I and dihydrotanshinone I, which inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris in vitro.

4Hepatoprotective

Improves hepatic microcirculation.

5Improves Sleep

Dan Shen has a calming and tranquilizing effect, can protect the nerves, and enhance sleep quality. It has a strong health-promoting effect on the body, alleviating nerve fatigue and making one feel more energetic during the day.

The Efficacy, Functions, and Contraindications of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

6Antibacterial

The main nutritional component of Dan Shen, tanshinone, can inhibit bacteria and alleviate inflammation, improving conditions such as arthritis and skin redness.

7Gastroprotective

It has a good repair effect on cells; in cases of gastrointestinal and liver damage, Dan Shen can increase hematopoietic cells, making it suitable for those who frequently consume tobacco and alcohol.

8Skin Protection

Dan Shen can resist aging, reduce the formation of spots, restore skin elasticity in women, and bring a glow, allowing the skin to exhibit a naturally youthful radiance.

9Regulates Menstruation

It has the effect of invigorating blood and dispelling stasis, providing good regulation for irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea, improving weak constitutions, and preventing premature menopause, helping women maintain beauty.

II. Applicable Population

The Efficacy, Functions, and Contraindications of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

1Irregular menstruation, anxiety, and insomnia

The active components of Dan Shen can regulate female endocrine, alleviate dysmenorrhea, and help restore normal menstrual cycles in women with menstrual irregularities.

Effectively improves menopausal syndrome, alleviating night sweats and hot flashes, thus improving sleep and mood.

2Liver and spleen enlargement, cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are the number one killer of human health, with a significant “killing power.” The occurrence of cardiovascular diseases is mainly due to ischemia and damage to myocardial cells, and the endothelial cells on the vascular wall are damaged due to aging or various factors, leading to narrowing and hardening of the blood vessels, causing blood flow obstruction.

Dan Shen can significantly reduce the area of aortic atherosclerotic plaques and lower serum total cholesterol and triglycerides to a certain extent. Dan Shen can inhibit the rise of blood lipids and enhance myocardial contractility, improving cardiac function.

The Efficacy, Functions, and Contraindications of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

How to Choose Dan Shen

Dan Shen is widely applicable in our lives, making it a common household remedy.

To achieve the best effects of Dan Shen, we must first purchase the most suitable and highest quality Dan Shen. To buy good quality, it is essential to choose roots that are relatively thick and short, with the tops still retaining the stem base and roots. Additionally, the surface of Dan Shen should be red or dark red, with a rough skin that may even show wrinkles.If the roots are older, the skin will be even more loose, and the color will appear purplish-brown, with a scaly appearance that can slowly peel off.

Dan Shen has a bitter taste; generally, we choose thicker roots that are purplish-red in color, as this indicates the best medicinal effect. After purchasing Dan Shen, it should be stored in a cool, dry place, and precautions should be taken against pests. Dan Shen is widely used in daily life, particularly effective for irregular menstruation and heart-related diseases, so it is essential to understand some knowledge about Dan Shen to better ensure bodily safety.

How to Consume Dan Shen

Dan Shen Green Tea

Ingredients: 30g Dan Shen, 20g Ze Xie (Alisma orientale), appropriate amount of green tea.

Method: Boil all ingredients in water, one dose per day.

Effect: Strengthening tea.

Dan Shen Brown Sugar Water

Ingredients: 15g Dan Shen, 30g brown sugar.

Method: Take Dan Shen, add 200ml of water, boil for 20 minutes, strain, and add an appropriate amount of brown sugar to taste.

Effect: This formula has a calming effect for long-term insomnia patients, especially suitable for patients with coronary heart disease.

San Qi Dan Shen

Ingredients: 100g San Qi (Panax notoginseng), 15g Dan Shen.

Method: Boil in water to extract a concentrated juice, add an appropriate amount of white sugar, and dry into granules.

Usage: 20g each time, dissolve in warm water to drink. Alternatively, the two herbs can be ground into a fine powder, 10g each time, add sugar to taste, and brew as tea.

Effect: This formula invigorates blood and dispels stasis, lowers blood lipids, and increases coronary blood flow. It is used for angina pectoris in coronary heart disease.

How Much Dan Shen Powder to Take

If used for daily health maintenance, it is recommended to take 3-5g of Dan Shen powder each time, 1-2 times a day. If used for disease prevention and treatment, it is advisable to consult a doctor for detailed dosage, as excessive self-medication may lead to serious consequences.

Morning Consumption

In the morning, take 1-3g of Dan Shen powder on an empty stomach, with warm water. This can enhance immunity and anti-aging functions.

Evening Consumption

It is best to take Dan Shen powder in the evening before meals, as it helps improve sleep. If taken after meals, please limit the amount to no more than 3g, as excessive consumption in the evening may have a stimulating effect. It is advisable not to take Dan Shen powder right before bed, as it may cause thirst.

Contraindications for Dan Shen Consumption

The Efficacy, Functions, and Contraindications of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

1. Not suitable for pregnant women, as it has blood-activating effects that may harm the fetus or even cause miscarriage.

2. Should not be combined with Li Lu (Veratrum) or Western medicine such as propranolol; it should be taken with other medications under a doctor’s guidance.

3. Avoid consuming with milk, as high-calcium foods can affect the absorption of Dan Shen.

Discussion on the Medicinal Treatment of Dan Shen

(1) Invigorating Blood and Dispelling Stasis for Various Diseases, Suitable for Both Deficiency and Excess Conditions

① Treatment of Upper Body Diseases

For sudden deafness due to liver and kidney deficiency and poor blood circulation, where conventional treatments have failed, use Zhi Bai Di Huang Tang (Anemarrhena, Rehmannia, etc.) with Dan Shen, magnetite, cicada slough, and Chuan Niu Xi (Cyathula) for effective results; for liver heat affecting the ears, combine Dan Shen with magnetite, chrysanthemum, summer withered grass, raw Rehmannia, gentian, and Chuan Niu Xi to clear liver fire, dispel stasis, and open the orifices, yielding excellent clinical results; for hypertension, Dan Shen and magnetite are often selected based on syndrome differentiation, showing remarkable effects.

Animal experiments indicate that Dan Shen dilates peripheral blood vessels and lowers blood pressure. For cough due to lung qi not dispersing and poor blood circulation, Dan Shen is often combined with apricot kernel, platycodon, and Chuan Bei Mu (Fritillaria) to invigorate blood, disperse lung qi, and stop cough.

② Treatment of Lower Body Diseases

Dan Shen opens blood vessels, invigorates blood, and descends, making it particularly effective for lower body meridian stasis. For rheumatic pain in the lower limbs, Dan Shen is often combined with Chuan Xu Duan (Dipsacus), Du Huo (Angelica), Chuan Niu Xi, and Sang Ji Sheng (Mulberry) and similar herbs; for rheumatic heat obstruction with red, swollen, and painful joints, combine Dan Shen with honeysuckle vine, Atractylodes, Chuan Niu Xi, Huang Bai (Phellodendron), Chi Shao (Red Peony), and Dan Shen; for lower limb phlebitis, often combine Dan Shen with Angelica, Ji Xue Teng (Spatholobus), Xuan Shen (Scrophularia), raw licorice, honeysuckle, and cinnamon twig; for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, or postpartum abdominal pain due to blood stasis, Dan Shen can be used alone or combined with Angelica, Xiang Fu (Cyperus), and Yi Mu Cao (Leonurus) for effective results; for impotence and premature ejaculation due to liver and kidney stagnation (stasis) heat, combine Dan Shen with raw Rehmannia, cooked Rehmannia, Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena), Chuan Niu Xi, Huang Bai, lotus stamen, Yang Qi Shi (Euphorbia), Shan Yao (Dioscorea), Yu Jin (Curcuma), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium), and Bai Shao (White Peony) to create a formula named Gu Jing Qi Yang Tang, which shows significant efficacy.

③ Treatment of Deficiency Conditions, Chronic Illness with Qi Deficiency, Poor Blood Circulation, and Long-term Stasis.

Dan Shen dispels stasis and generates new blood, acting without breaking; it is said that “Dan Shen alone has the same effect as Si Wu Tang (Four Substance Decoction).” The Compendium of Materia Medica states it “nourishes blood.” It is used to treat dizziness due to blood deficiency, based on the concept of Qi Ju Di Huang Tang (Lycium, Chrysanthemum, and Rehmannia) with Dan Shen, magnetite, Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum), and Tian Ma (Gastrodia), showing excellent effects for dizziness, lumbar and spinal soreness, pale tongue, and thin, wiry pulse in cases of kidney deficiency with stasis; for heart palpitations and insomnia due to blood deficiency, Dan Shen is often combined with (roasted) jujube seed, Angelica, raw Rehmannia, and Schisandra for treatment; for long-term insomnia with poor efficacy from other medications, using Dan Shen 50g daily shows effectiveness, which aligns with the concept of “nourishing the spirit and stabilizing the will” from the Great Ming Materia Medica; for Qi and blood deficiency, kidney qi deficiency, and stasis, Dan Shen is often combined with (roasted) Huang Qi (Astragalus), Angelica, He Shou Wu (Polygonum multiflorum), and Ba Jiao (Morinda) for efficacy.

④ Treatment of Excess Conditions

Regardless of the six excesses or seven emotions, prolonged damage to the body can ultimately lead to Qi and blood stagnation, resulting in Qi stagnation and blood stasis. Dan Shen invigorates blood and dispels stasis, showing effective results in clinical treatment of excess conditions. For liver and stomach Qi pain, Dan Shen is often combined with sandalwood, cardamom, and turmeric for efficacy, as this indicates Qi stagnation and poor blood circulation, thus harmonizing Qi and invigorating blood, yielding mutual benefits; for allergic purpura, combine Dan Shen with madder root, Ji Xue Teng, Zicao (Lithospermum), red dates, and Chuan Xiong for effective results, as Dan Shen can “break old blood and generate new blood,” allowing blood that has deviated from its path to return.

Reports indicate that animal experiments show Dan Shen inhibits platelet aggregation, reduces platelet factor III activity, and prolongs plasma prothrombin time, further confirming its efficacy; for manic conditions characterized by excessive fire, stasis, and phlegm, using high doses of Dan Shen based on syndrome differentiation can yield results.

Animal experiments have proven that Dan Shen inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity and has a suppressive effect on the cerebral cortex; for patients with edema and amenorrhea, Dan Shen is often combined with Wu Ling San (Five Ingredient Powder) and other herbs for efficacy.

(2) Nourishing the Heart, Calming the Spirit, Eliminating Deficiency Heat, Stopping Palpitations, and Activating Blood Stasis

Dan Shen is bitter and cold, enters the blood and returns to the heart, can clear heart fire, eliminate blood heat, calm the spirit, and stabilize palpitations. Therefore, when used appropriately in clinical practice, the effects are rapid. For palpitations and anxiety due to insufficient heart Qi and blood stasis, it can also be treated with Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang (Five Ingredients to Restore Yang) plus Dan Shen, (roasted) licorice, and Mai Dong (Ophiopogon); for chest Yang deficiency, use Gua Lou Xie Bai Tang (Trichosanthes and Allium) or Kuan Xin Tong Bi Tang (Dan Shen, Trichosanthes, Xie Bai, sandalwood, cinnamon twig, deer antler, hawthorn, Chuan Xiong, Mai Dong, Tian San Qi, Chi Shao); for both Qi and Yin deficiency, use Sheng Mai San (Generate Pulse Powder), Yi Mai Tong Bi Tang (Dan Shen, Tai Zi Shen, Mai Dong, Schisandra, Trichosanthes, roasted licorice, roasted jujube seed, sandalwood, hawthorn, deer antler); for chest obstruction, chest pain, insomnia, anxiety, and arrhythmia, use roasted licorice soup to create Dan Shen An Xin Tang (Dan Shen, American ginseng, bitter cucumber, Xuan Shen, roasted jujube seed, Mai Dong, roasted licorice, cinnamon twig, hawthorn, deer antler), which has shown good clinical results; for those who have not responded to other treatments, using syndrome differentiation can lead to rapid improvement in ECG and other examinations.

Upon careful consideration of its therapeutic principles, whether for chest Yang deficiency or Qi and Yin deficiency, both can lead to poor blood circulation and stasis, thus following the principle of “no flow leads to pain,” using Dan Shen in formulas for dispelling stasis can enhance its efficacy. The Compendium of Materia Medica states it “invigorates blood, opens the heart meridian, and removes stubborn diseases,” while the Southern Yunnan Materia Medica states: “nourishes the heart, calms the spirit, treats forgetfulness, anxiety, palpitations, and insomnia,” indicating that Dan Shen is a significant herb for treating various blood stasis conditions in the chest.

(3) Dispelling Stasis and Generating New Blood, Opening All Meridians, Showing Remarkable Efficacy in Critical and Chronic Diseases

Dan Shen invigorates blood, dispels stasis, opens the orifices, and harmonizes Qi and blood; thus, when used rationally in treating critical and chronic diseases, its efficacy is greatly enhanced. For stroke, based on the principles of Wang Qingren’s Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang, create a Tong Mai Shu Luo injection (main ingredients include Huang Qi, Dan Shen, Chuan Xiong, etc.); for stroke, brain tumors, and cerebral edema characterized by water and stasis in the brain, create a Nao Qiao Tong oral liquid (main ingredients include Dan Shen, peach kernel, musk, and white grass root); for stroke prevention and early warning, create Qing Nao Tong Luo Pian (main ingredients include Dan Shen and peach kernel), which has shown excellent results in animal experiments and clinical treatments, with no reported toxic side effects; for patients in a coma with heat closure, use An Gong Niu Huang Wan with Dan Shen decoction for oral or nasal feeding; for cold closure, use Su He Xiang Wan with Dan Shen decoction for oral or nasal feeding; regardless of cold or heat closure, Dan Shen injection is often mixed with glucose for intravenous drip; for collapse syndrome, often use Shen Fu Tang with Dan Shen or Dan Shen injection mixed with glucose for intravenous drip; for patients in a coma due to phlegm and dampness obstruction, often combine with Pu Jin Dan injection (Acori, Curcuma, Dan Shen) for intramuscular injection, 2-4ml daily, while also using Dan Shen injection 4-20ml mixed with 500ml glucose for intravenous drip, which can often alleviate symptoms or turn critical situations into safety.

Practical experience has shown that Dan Shen plays a major role in treating cardiovascular and neurological diseases, particularly in critical conditions, mainly through its ability to invigorate blood, open meridians, and dispel stasis; for both hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes, Dan Shen is often used to invigorate blood and dispel stasis, yielding effective results. What is the rationale behind this?

Pharmacological studies have shown that Dan Shen can inhibit coagulation function and enhance fibrinolytic activity; according to traditional Chinese medicine theory, “blood should flow, not stop” and “dispel stasis and stop bleeding,” Dan Shen improves microcirculation and increases capillary networks, leading to reduced vascular pressure at bleeding sites, which can explain its hemostatic effects; thus, invigorating blood and dispelling stasis has a unique mechanism and therapeutic effect for hemorrhagic strokes, which is a clever application of medicinal principles; for treating epilepsy, Dan Shen is often combined with Acori, Yuan Zhi (Polygala), Bai Fu Ling (Poria), and Jang Can (Bombyx) for treatment; for liver and kidney Yin deficiency with Yang hyperactivity, phlegm and stasis deeply hidden in blood vessels, Dan Shen is combined with Long Chi (Dragon’s teeth), Chuan Niu Xi, magnetite, Nu Zhen Zi (Ligustrum), Dan Pi (Moutan), and antelope horn powder.

The Efficacy, Functions, and Contraindications of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

In summary, many strange diseases are due to stasis, and chronic diseases often involve phlegm; this is key to treating difficult and miscellaneous diseases. As stated in the Compendium of Materia Medica, “Dan Shen… can remove all diseases caused by stasis.”

(4) Clearing Liver and Gallbladder, Unblocking Stagnation, Suitable for Treating Accumulations and Masses

Accumulations and masses are often caused by liver and gallbladder damp-heat, liver failure to disperse, Qi stagnation, or spleen deficiency with damp obstruction, leading to dysfunction of the liver, spleen, and kidney, which over time results in Qi stagnation, blood stasis, and water retention, forming accumulations and masses. Dan Shen enters the liver meridian and blood division, effectively moving Qi stagnation in the blood, dispelling stasis and promoting water flow, thus reducing swelling, making it commonly used.

For hepatitis B with liver and kidney Yin deficiency, use Yi Guan Jian (One Thread Decoction) with Dan Shen; for jaundice at various stages, Dan Shen is often included based on syndrome differentiation; for abdominal distension due to water and damp obstruction, often combine Dan Shen with Chai Hu (Bupleurum), Angelica, turtle shell, oyster, chicken inner gold, big belly skin, cloud poria, San Leng (Sparganium), and E Zhu (Curcuma) for effective results; for gallstones, combine Dan Shen with Da Huang (Rhubarb), chicken inner gold, Jin Qian Cao (Lysimachia), Chai Hu, and Zhi Shi (Bitter Orange) for reliable effects in improving liver function, softening the liver and spleen, reducing masses, and promoting stasis resolution and stone expulsion.

Pharmacological studies of Dan Shen indicate that it can lower SGPT, protect damaged liver cells, promote liver cell regeneration, and have anti-fibrotic effects. This aligns with the statement in the Classic of Materia Medica that Dan Shen dispels “cold and heat accumulations, breaking accumulations and masses,” which is consistent with later experiences that Dan Shen can shrink the liver and spleen.

(5) Dispelling Stasis and Promoting Water Flow, Treating Both Yin and Yang Edema

Dan Shen opens blood vessels, promotes water pathways, and dispels edema, thus it can treat edema caused by water retention and blood stasis. Animal experiments have shown that Dan Shen improves kidney function, reduces azotemia, and increases urine output. For edema (Yin edema) in the lower limbs and generalized swelling, accompanied by fatigue and lumbar soreness, in cases of kidney deficiency with blood stasis (such as chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, etc.), use Yi Shen Hua Yu Li Shui Tang (Five Ingredient Powder with Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Sang Ji Sheng, Yi Mu Cao, Chuan Niu Xi, Shan Zha, Bai Mao Gen, Tong Cao); for lower limb swelling, fatigue, abdominal distension and pain, dark tongue, and pulse with intermittent beats, often use Zhen Wu Tang combined with Dan Shen, peach kernel, Huang Qi, Bai Mao Gen; for kidney Yang deficiency, use Jin Gui Shen Qi Tang with Dan Shen, Bai Mao Gen, Du Zhong (Eucommia), etc.; for Qi stagnation and water retention, combine Chai Hu Shu Gan San with Wu Ling San and Dan Shen; for Yang edema with facial swelling (acute glomerulonephritis, etc.) due to wind invading the lung and poor Qi flow in the three burners, use Yue Bi Jia Zhu Tang with Dan Shen, cloud poria, Che Qian Zi (Plantago), and Lian Qiao (Forsythia); for lung Qi deficiency and cold water pathways, use Ling Gan Wu Wei Jiang Xin Tang with Dan Shen, which can enhance efficacy.

Clinically, as long as syndrome differentiation is accurate and Dan Shen is used rationally, it can often help eliminate abnormalities in urine tests. The movement of body fluids relies on the regulation of lung Qi, the transformation of spleen Qi, and the steaming of kidney Qi. If external pathogens invade or organ functions are disordered or Qi is deficient, the three burners may fail to function properly, leading to water retention and edema.

The Efficacy, Functions, and Contraindications of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

Blood and water share the same origin; as stated in the Treatise on Blood Disorders: “Water and blood support each other… and are interdependent.” Therefore, water retention and blood stasis influence each other, and whether it is Yin or Yang edema, the principles are the same, with differences in severity and urgency, hence the saying “if blood is not flowing, it becomes water… if water is obstructed, blood cannot flow.”

(6) Cooling Blood, Detoxifying, and Reducing Toxic Swellings, Applicable for Carbuncles and Skin Diseases

Dan Shen also has the ability to reduce swelling and pain, cool blood, detoxify, and promote pus drainage and tissue regeneration. For breast abscesses, combine Dan Shen with Lian Qiao (Forsythia), Tian Hua Fen (Trichosanthes), and dandelion; for carbuncles and skin infections, combine with honeysuckle, Lian Qiao, frankincense, and myrrh; for acute abdominal pain (acute appendicitis, etc.), use Da Huang Mu Dan Tang (Rhubarb and Peony) with Dan Shen and Hong Teng (Sargentodoxa); for chronic appendicitis, often combine Dan Shen with Chai Hu, cloud poria, Hong Teng, Huang Lian (Coptis), Mu Xiang (Aucklandia), Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis), Xiang Fu, dandelion, and Shen Qu (Fermented wheat) for effective results; due to Dan Shen’s cooling and detoxifying properties, use mung bean and licorice detoxifying soup (mung bean, licorice, Lian Qiao, Dendrobium, Dan Shen, Da Huang, Bai Mao Gen) for treating various poisoning emergencies with good results. For damp-heat toxic itching and discharge (such as condyloma acuminatum, cervical erosion, etc.), often combine Dan Shen with Huang Bai, Ku Shen (Sophora), raw licorice, Bai Zhu, Cang Zhu, Huai Shan (Chinese yam), Tu Fu Ling (Smilax), Di Fu Zi (Kochia), and wild chrysanthemum for internal use and external washing, showing significant efficacy; for damp-heat dysentery, often use Bai Tou Weng Tang with Dan Shen; for high fever and delirium, combine with An Gong Niu Huang Wan using Dan Shen decoction for oral administration, which can enhance efficacy and shorten treatment duration; for damp-heat scabies, use Dan Shen, Ku Shen, and She Chuang Zi (Cnidium) for decoction and washing the affected areas.

The Great Ming Materia Medica states: Dan Shen treats “malignant sores, carbuncles, goiter, and toxic swellings, promotes pus drainage, and regenerates tissue.” Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Dan Shen has strong inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, and has some inhibitory effects on typhoid and dysentery bacteria.

The Efficacy, Functions, and Contraindications of Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)

In summary, there is no distinction between expensive and cheap medicines; what matters is their appropriate application. Dan Shen is cold in nature and bitter in taste, with the ability to invigorate blood and dispel stasis. It opens meridians, promotes new blood generation, acts without breaking, reaches all organs and tissues, calms the spirit, alleviates anxiety, detoxifies, cools blood, reduces swelling, relieves pain, and promotes pus drainage and tissue regeneration for carbuncles and dysentery. If syndrome differentiation and treatment selection are flexible and varied, the clever use of Dan Shen often yields effective results. However, it should be noted that those with spleen deficiency and loose stools, as well as pregnant women, should use it cautiously. Additionally, the dosage of Dan Shen varies greatly between ancient and modern times; based on our experience, the common dosage for adults is between 10-30g, with some individuals using up to 60g, and it is advisable to start with a smaller dose and gradually increase it.

The content is not intended as specific medical advice and cannot replace a doctor’s consultation; it is for educational exchange only.

The medicinal treatment content of Dan Shen is excerpted from “The Stone Collection (Volume 6),” published by the China Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, edited by Deng Tietao, authored by Zhang Xuewen.If there are any copyright issues with the article content and images, please contact us for removal.

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