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Influenced by Confucian thought, ancient people believed that “the body and skin are received from parents, and one should not dare to harm them,” which is the first form of filial piety towards parents. Therefore, the anatomy of the human body in our country was not well developed for a long time. Due to the lack of intuitive understanding of the internal organs, many ancient medical practices lacked sufficient morphological knowledge of the organs.
This situation continued until the Qing Dynasty when a great physician named Wang Qingren emerged. He broke through the old moral constraints, carefully observed the structure of the human organs, drew diagrams, and conducted animal experiments, contributing to the development of TCM theory.
Wang Qingren also provided new interpretations of the theory of Qi and blood in TCM, offering unique insights into the treatment of blood stasis and creating many renowned formulas for invigorating blood and resolving stasis. Today, we will introduce several of the most famous blood-invigorating formulas.
Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, ingredients: 12g of Tao Ren (Peach Kernel), 9g each of Hong Hua (Safflower), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia), and Niu Xi (Achyranthes), 4.5g each of Chuan Xiong (Ligusticum), and Jie Geng (Platycodon), 6g each of Chi Shao (Red Peony), Zhi Ke (Bitter Orange), and Gan Cao (Licorice), and 3g of Chai Hu (Bupleurum). It invigorates blood and resolves stasis, promotes Qi, and alleviates pain. It is used to treat blood stasis in the chest.
Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction, ingredients: 3g of Chi Shao, 3g of Chuan Xiong, 9g of Tao Ren (crushed), 7 red dates (pitted), 9g of Hong Hua, 3 chopped green onions, 9g of fresh ginger (chopped), 0.15g of She Xiang (Musk, in a silk bag), and 250g of Huang Jiu (Yellow Wine). It invigorates blood and opens the orifices, primarily treating blood stasis in the head and face.
Ge Xia Zhu Yu Decoction, ingredients: 6g of Ling Zhi (Resin), 9g of Dang Gui, 6g of Chuan Xiong, 9g of Tao Ren (crushed), 6g of Dan Pi (Moutan), 6g of Chi Shao, 6g of Wu Yao (Lindera), 3g of Xuan Hu Suo (Corydalis), 9g of Gan Cao, 4.5g of Xiang Fu (Cyperus), 9g of Hong Hua, and 4.5g of Zhi Ke. It invigorates blood, dispels stasis, promotes Qi, and alleviates pain, primarily treating blood stasis below the diaphragm.
Shaofu Zhu Yu Decoction, ingredients: 7g of Xiao Hui Xiang (Fennel, roasted), 0.6g of Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger, roasted), 3g of Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis), 6g of Mo Yao (Myrrh, crushed), 9g of Dang Gui, 6g of Chuan Xiong, 3g of Guo Gui (Cinnamon), 6g of Chi Shao, 9g of Pu Huang (Typha), and 6g of Wu Ling Zhi (Resin, roasted). It invigorates blood, dispels stasis, warms the meridians, and alleviates pain, primarily treating cold-induced blood stasis in the lower abdomen.
Shen Tong Zhu Yu Decoction, ingredients: 3g of Qin Jiao (Gentiana), 6g of Chuan Xiong, 9g of Tao Ren, 9g of Hong Hua, 6g of Gan Cao, 3g of Qiang Huo (Notopterygium), 6g of Mo Yao, 9g of Dang Gui, 6g of Ling Zhi (roasted), 3g of Xiang Fu, 9g of Niu Xi, and 6g of Di Long (Earthworm, cleaned). It invigorates blood, dispels stasis, expels wind, removes dampness, and alleviates pain, used to treat blood stasis obstructing the meridians.
These five Zhu Yu Decoctions were all created by Wang Qingren and are commonly referred to as the “Five Zhu Yu Decoctions.” Each of these formulas has excellent blood-invigorating and stasis-resolving effects, all utilizing Chuan Xiong, combined with Tao Ren, Hong Hua, Chi Shao, Dang Gui, and other herbs that invigorate blood, promote Qi, and alleviate pain, tailored for specific locations of blood stasis.
For example, in Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction, the combination of Zhi Ke, Jie Geng, and Chai Hu, which promote Qi and relieve chest tightness, along with Niu Xi, effectively guides blood downward, treating blood stasis in the chest.
In Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction, the inclusion of She Xiang, green onions, and ginger, which open the Yang and clear the orifices, emphasizes blood-invigorating and orifice-opening effects, making it particularly effective for treating various conditions related to blood stasis in the head and face.
Ge Xia Zhu Yu Decoction combines Xiang Fu, Wu Yao, and Zhi Ke, which effectively promote Qi, targeting blood stasis below the diaphragm.
Shaofu Zhu Yu Decoction specifically indicates that the blood stasis is located in the lower abdomen, with warming and dispersing effects from Gan Jiang, Guo Gui, and Xiao Hui Xiang, providing excellent treatment for cold-induced pain in the lower abdomen, menstrual irregularities, and dysmenorrhea.
Shen Tong Zhu Yu Decoction combines Qin Jiao, Qiang Huo, and Di Long, focusing on invigorating blood, unblocking the meridians, and alleviating pain, suitable for treating pain in the limbs or joints due to blood stasis.
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