(1) Observation of the Eyes in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
The essence and energy of the five organs and six bowels are reflected in the eyes. If the spleen qi is deficient, yang declines, failing to contain yin, causing the spirit light to scatter outward, leading to a wide appearance of the spirit water, seeing objects as double. The nourishment is in the liver, the master is in the kidney, and the harmony is in the spleen, which can combine the yin of the kidney and spleen, allowing the liver to reach it, thus returning the essence to the two eyes.
Clear eyes indicate cold;
Dark and turbid eyes indicate heat;
Cloudy eyes indicate dampness;
Dry eyes indicate dryness;
Dry and rough eyes indicate insufficient liver yin;
Red and swollen eyes indicate wind-heat in the liver channel;
Swollen eyeballs indicate liver fire and external wind-heat;
Pupil constriction is often due to blazing liver and gallbladder fire;
Dark and swollen eyelids indicate kidney qi deficiency;
Dark eyelids often indicate kidney deficiency;
Red and moist eyelid margins indicate damp-heat in the spleen;
Eyes open during sleep indicate spleen qi deficiency and insufficient blood;
Eyes that do not close during sleep indicate weak spleen qi;
Eyes that cannot close when awake indicate kidney deficiency leading to eye dysfunction;
Clear eyelids indicate phlegm-damp disease;
Weak eyelid opening indicates deficiency of original qi;
Sunken eyelids with crying but no tears indicate severe injury to yin fluids;
Swollen eyelids resembling a sleeping silkworm, with yellow urine, indicate jaundice;
Swollen eyelids often indicate signs of edema;
Eye corners with opacity indicate liver fire rising;
Red and painful eye corners indicate heart fire;
Pale white eye corners indicate blood deficiency;
Red sclera indicates lung fire;
Red sclera indicates external wind-heat;
Red sclera with many signs of yin deficiency and excess fire;
Eyes that are slightly fixed indicate internal phlegm-heat obstruction;
Eyes that are cross-eyed indicate internal liver wind movement;
Eyes that stare without life indicate internal liver wind movement;
Eyes that are dull and slow to move indicate kidney essence deficiency;
Dull and slow-moving eyes indicate a precursor to wind stroke.
Eyes lacking vitality and movement indicate deficiency of the essence and qi of the organs.
Children sleeping with open eyes often indicate spleen qi deficiency and insufficient blood.
(2) Observation of the Throat and Teeth in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Deep red and swollen throat indicates excess heat syndrome;
Soft red throat with mild swelling indicates yin deficiency with excess fire;
Soft red throat with mild swelling indicates heat evil phlegm obstructing the lungs;
Red and swollen throat with pain indicates excess heat toxin in the lungs and stomach;
Pus and ulceration in the throat with yellow-white necrotic spots indicate severe heat toxin in the lungs and stomach;
Gray-white necrotic spots in the throat indicate diphtheria, with heat injuring the lungs and kidneys.
Dry teeth indicate injury to yin fluids;
Teeth that are smooth like stone indicate extreme stomach heat;
Teeth that are the color of dry bones indicate kidney yin deficiency.
Teeth tightly closed or with sounds between them indicate phlegm obstructing the channels;
Teeth tightly closed or with sounds between them indicate extreme heat causing spasms.
(3) Observation of the Face in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
White complexion indicates cold syndrome, either due to yang deficiency or the initial stage of an external pathogen;
White complexion indicates yang deficiency, qi deficiency, and blood deficiency;
White complexion with cold and blood stasis indicates constricted meridians;
Pale complexion indicates lung disease;
White and swollen complexion indicates qi deficiency;
White and thin complexion indicates blood depletion;
White complexion like dry bones indicates severe lung disease;
White complexion with thinness, red cheeks, and red lips indicates excess fire due to yin deficiency;
White complexion with slight redness and luster indicates sufficient qi and blood.
Yellow and red complexion indicates heat;
Yellow complexion indicates dampness;
Pale yellow complexion indicates cold dampness;
Yellow complexion with a floating sheen indicates wind-damp;
Yellow and red complexion indicates wind-related conditions;
Pale yellow complexion without luster indicates spleen deficiency;
Yellow complexion like orange indicates damp-heat;
Yellow complexion like bitter orange indicates extreme spleen qi deficiency;
Yellow complexion with a dark hue indicates blood stasis with damp-heat;
Yellow complexion with a reddish hue indicates wind, indicating wind-heat disease;
Yellow complexion with luster indicates recovery from illness;
Yellow complexion with a greasy sheen indicates swelling and pus conditions;
Yellow complexion with a slight yellow hue indicates the presence of stomach qi;
Red complexion with fever and delirium indicates excess heat within;
Bright red complexion indicates a critical condition of the heart;
Intensely red complexion indicates blood conditions, either due to blood loss or local congestion;
Normal red complexion indicates yang qi stagnation on the surface, causing sweating that does not fully resolve.
Blue complexion indicates cold stagnation, qi stagnation, and blood stasis;
Blue complexion indicates qi and blood stagnation, indicating cold and pain;
Blue complexion like grass indicates severe lung disease;
Dark blue complexion indicates pain-related diseases;
Dark blue complexion indicates severe cold and extreme pain;
Black complexion indicates kidney yang deficiency, internal excess cold, and poor circulation of qi and blood;
Black complexion indicates unprocessed water, blood losing warmth and nourishment, and constricted meridians;
Black and dry complexion indicates kidney yin deficiency;
Black complexion like stove soot indicates critical kidney qi deficiency;
Withered and dull complexion indicates chronic illness and deficiency conditions;
Bright and clear complexion indicates superficial illness;
Dull and murky complexion indicates deep-seated illness;
Red cheeks indicate internal heat, often associated with internal cold;
Bright red cheeks in the afternoon indicate water depletion and excess fire, often seen in lung and metal conditions.
(1) Discussion on Limb Symptoms in TCM:
The limbs include the upper limbs (shoulders, elbows, arms, wrists, palms, fingers) and the lower limbs (thighs, hips, knees, ankles, feet, toes). The heart governs the blood vessels of the limbs, the lungs govern the skin and hair, the spleen governs the muscles, the liver governs the tendons, and the kidneys govern the bones. The spleen has the closest relationship with the limbs. The upper limbs are where the three yin and three yang meridians of the hands circulate, while the lower limbs are where the three yin and three yang meridians of the feet circulate.
Observation of the limbs can diagnose changes in the five organs and diseases of the meridians that circulate in the limbs:
1) Atrophy of the limbs or one limb becoming thin and atrophied often indicates qi and blood deficiency or obstruction of the meridians.
2) Swelling of the limbs or one limb swelling, if red and painful, often indicates blood stasis or heat obstructing the meridians.
3) If the feet are swollen, or if the whole body is swollen, it often indicates edema. If the lower limbs are swollen with skin resembling elephant skin, it is often seen in blood vessel diseases.
The limbs are the foundation of all yang, and observing the cold and warmth of the limbs can provide insight into the fluctuations of yang qi, which is also significant for prognosis.
4) If the limbs show signs of external pathogens or internal injuries. For example, heat in the back of the hand indicates an external pathogen, while heat in the palm and lower abdomen indicates an internal injury.
5) Heat in the palms can be correlated with heat in the forehead for mutual examination. If the heat in the palms is greater than that in the forehead, it indicates deficiency heat. Conversely, if the forehead heat is greater than that in the palms, it indicates exterior heat.
6) If a child has a high fever with cold fingertips, it indicates a risk of convulsions. If there is fever, runny nose, red eyes, and cold fingertips, it indicates the onset of measles or other rashes.
7) If the hands and feet are twitching, it often indicates spleen and stomach qi deficiency, leading to insufficient nourishment of the tendons. If the feet cannot walk, are weak but not painful, it indicates atrophy.
8) Trembling of the hands and feet often indicates blood deficiency, insufficient nourishment of the tendons, or excessive alcohol consumption, indicating a precursor to stroke. General limb pain or localized pain indicates bi syndrome.
9) Numbness of the hands and feet, or numbness in one part of the body often indicates qi deficiency. Numbness of the hands and feet extending to the elbows and arms often indicates a precursor to stroke.
10) Pain in the muscles, tendons, and joints of the limbs often indicates invasion by wind, cold, and dampness. Alternatively, it may indicate wind-dampness transforming into fire or phlegm-stasis, causing heat-stasis obstructing the circulation of qi and blood. For upper limb pain, add Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong), and for lower limb pain, use Niu Xi (Achyranthes bidentata) and Mu Xiang (Saussurea costus) with added Frankincense and Myrrh for severe pain.
11) Fixed pain in the limbs indicates retention of cold and dampness, obstructing qi and blood. Pain that moves around indicates wind evil, or may be accompanied by wind evil. Cold limbs indicate spleen yang deficiency.
12) Treatment for limb swelling and pain: (Luo Tianyi) Da Qiang Huo Decoction: Qiang Huo, Sheng Ma each 3g, Du Huo 2.1g, Cang Zhu, Fang Feng, Wei Ling Xian, Gan Cao, Dang Gui, Fu Ling, Ze Xie each 1.5g. Function: dispel wind, eliminate dampness, raise yang qi, and tonify spleen earth, allowing damp evil to disperse.
Medical practitioner Li Zhongzi believes: “San Cai Decoction nourishes the yin of the lungs and stomach, allowing lung qi to descend, and the essence of food and fluids to be distributed to the extremities, thus allowing atrophy to recover.” Atrophy syndrome (wei zheng) is due to internal heat steaming, with heart yang excessively rising, and should be treated with Cheng Qi Decoction followed by Ren Shen Decoction, using bitter cold descending medicines. This is in line with the “Neijing” principle of treating atrophy by focusing on the yangming channel. Once the internal heat is eliminated, continue with San Cai Decoction.
Note: San Cai Decoction consists of Ren Shen (Ginseng), Tian Dong (Asparagus), and Gan Di Huang (Rehmannia glutinosa). Its function is to tonify qi and nourish yin, used for qi and yin deficiency, fatigue, shortness of breath, and a red tongue with a dry mouth. Da Cheng Qi Decoction: strongly purges heat accumulation, drains fire, and detoxifies. Xiao Cheng Qi Decoction: lightly purges heat accumulation, reduces fullness, and eliminates stagnation.
(2) Observation of Nails in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Nail color white indicates both qi and blood deficiency;
Pale white nails indicate blood deficiency;
Pale nails indicate lung and stomach cold deficiency;
Pale blue nails indicate yang deficiency with cold, and both qi and blood deficiency;
Yellow nails often indicate jaundice;
Bright red nails in a thin patient indicate excess fire due to yin deficiency;
Deep red nails often indicate internal heat;
Blue-purple nails often indicate blood stasis;
Black nails often indicate a critical condition;
Nails that turn white when pressed and return to red indicate a treatable condition;
Nails that turn white when pressed and do not return to red indicate a difficult-to-treat condition.
Yellow-black ears indicate kidney deficiency.
Nostrils flaring often indicate lung heat or asthma. Rapid breathing with significant chest movement often indicates excess heat syndrome.
(5) Observation of Voice in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Low voice often indicates internal injury and deficiency syndrome.
Loud voice often indicates external pathogen and excess syndrome.
Raving and delirium often indicate heat syndrome and excess syndrome.
Low voice with few words often indicates deficiency syndrome and cold syndrome.
Sudden hoarseness often indicates wind-phlegm obstructing fire.
Rough and uneven breathing often indicates external heat excess. This often relates to the lungs and stomach.
Weak and shallow breathing often indicates internal injury and chronic illness.
Excessive wheezing with rough breathing often indicates lung and stomach excess heat.
Weak wheezing with a low voice and short breaths often indicates kidney deficiency.
Dry cough without phlegm, with cough being the main symptom, indicates treatment focused on the lungs.
Coughing with phlegm, with phlegm being the main symptom, indicates treatment focused on the spleen.
Sudden cough with hoarseness often indicates excess heat.
Chronic cough with hoarseness often indicates deficiency of the lungs.
Coughing with much phlegm and nasal congestion often indicates a cold. This condition is easy to resolve.
Sudden onset of cough with continuous sounds often indicates a more difficult-to-treat condition.
(6) Observation of the Mouth in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Facial asymmetry indicates wind-phlegm obstructing the head and face meridians, with yangming storing phlegm and turbidities internally, and taiyang being externally affected by wind. When wind-phlegm obstructs the head and face meridians, the channels are not smooth, and the muscles lose nourishment, leading to dysfunction. In the absence of external pathogens, qi and blood can still circulate, and the relative urgency indicates that the urgent side is being pulled, resulting in facial asymmetry. Treatment should focus on dispelling wind-phlegm, unblocking the meridians, and stopping spasms, allowing the wind to dissipate and phlegm to clear, thus restoring smoothness to the meridians, leading to recovery.
Sweet and greasy taste in the mouth indicates damp-heat in the spleen;
Salty taste in the mouth indicates kidney deficiency;
Bland taste in the mouth indicates damp turbidity in the stomach, often due to spleen and stomach deficiency;
Sour taste in the mouth indicates poor digestion and gastrointestinal stagnation;
Bitter taste in the mouth indicates liver and gallbladder fire, with gallbladder fire rising;
Smelly taste in the mouth indicates heat in the stomach, leading to poor digestion;
Ulceration in the mouth indicates heat accumulation in the heart and spleen, with severe cases leading to mouth sores;
Dry mouth and throat indicate excess fire due to yin deficiency, with true yin being internally depleted;
White patches in the mouth indicate mouth sores;
Chapped lips often indicate food accumulation;
Dry and chapped lips indicate food accumulation with spleen heat;
Red and swollen lips indicate severe heat;
Bright red lips indicate excess fire due to yin deficiency;
Pale white lips indicate insufficient qi and blood;
Swollen white lips indicate wind in the lips;
Pale blue lips indicate wind-cold binding the surface;
Red and swollen lips indicate severe heat;
Purple-red lips indicate blood stasis;
Bright red lips indicate excessive diarrhea damaging yin;
Asymmetrical mouth indicates stroke;
Inability to speak indicates spasms;
Difficulty opening the mouth with tightly closed teeth often indicates excess syndrome;
Pale skin around the mouth with flushed cheeks indicates a red-hot condition.
(7) Observation of the Tongue in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
“Theoretical Discussion on Formulas” states: “Even experienced doctors find it easy to understand the heart, but difficult to clarify the fingers. Tongue diagnosis is like a barometer, accurately reflecting the health status of the body and is easy to grasp.”
What is the method of tongue diagnosis? A tongue without coating indicates an exterior condition, a bright red tongue indicates heat, and a pale white tongue indicates cold.
Key points for tongue quality diagnosis depend on color and shape. The tip of the tongue reflects changes in the heart and lungs. The tongue is the sprout of the heart and is also the exterior of the spleen. The heart meridian connects to the base of the tongue. The spleen meridian connects to the base of the tongue and disperses beneath it. The lung meridian connects the throat to the root of the tongue. The kidney meridian runs through the throat, connecting to the base of the tongue. The liver meridian runs behind the throat, connecting to the base of the tongue. Changes in the organs, meridians, qi, blood, and fluids can be reflected on the tongue.
What is the normal tongue quality? A normal tongue is moist and light red, but due to individual differences, tongue quality can vary. “Guidelines for Tongue Diagnosis” states: “A tongue without disease can have various shapes and colors; some are clean, some have a slight coating, some are bright red, some are pale white, some are tight and pointed, while others are soft and rounded, and some may have teeth marks. This is due to individual differences when there is no disease, hence the variation in tongue quality.” Additionally, a normal tongue appearance may also show teeth marks, cracks, and peeling; in summary, a normal tongue appearance is: flexible movement, soft tongue body, light red tongue, and thin white coating.
1) A thin and small tongue indicates deficiency syndrome;
2) A bright red tongue with a white slippery coating indicates heat in the nutrient level;
3) A pale and tender tongue with a white moist coating indicates deficiency cold syndrome;
4) A pale, plump tongue with a yellow and slippery coating often indicates yang deficiency with water retention;
5) A tongue that is overly pale or white indicates anemia and water retention, indicating deficiency cold syndrome;
6) A bright red and swollen tongue often indicates excess heat in the heart and spleen;
7) A dark red tongue indicates severe heat. A purple tongue indicates blood stasis;
8) A red tongue with little or no coating indicates severe heat damaging fluids;
9) A red tongue with a yellow and slippery coating indicates dampness in the qi level; yin deficiency with excess fire and phlegm-turbidity due to food accumulation;
10) A red tongue is often seen in internal heat syndrome and yin deficiency syndrome;
11) A dark red tongue is often seen in the extreme stage of external heat disease and yin deficiency with excess fire;
12) A dark red tongue often indicates: external heat disease, heat entering the nutrient and blood levels;
13) A dark red tongue with little coating and moistness is often seen in blood stasis syndrome;
14) A light red tongue with a thick yellow coating is often seen in external wind-cold transforming into heat, or external damp-heat evil;
15) A red tongue with a yellow and greasy coating indicates liver and gallbladder damp-heat, which may present with rib distension and pain;
16) A plump tongue often indicates water retention or dampness, and may indicate hypothyroidism;
17) A trembling tongue is a precursor to stroke. Tongue diagnosis should be performed in the morning after waking, before brushing, for the most accurate observation;
18) A tongue without coating, like an oiled kidney, indicates loss of fluids and is untreatable.
Thorny protrusions on the tongue, resembling thorns, are sharp red or yellow-black particles, referred to as thorny protrusions. The presence of thorny protrusions on the tongue indicates excessive heat in the qi level, or excessive yang heat in the organs; it indicates diseases related to excessive yang heat in the organs or extreme heat in the blood.
“Observation Diagnosis Respecting the Classics” states: “The presence of thorny protrusions on the tongue indicates severe heat accumulation.”
“Traditional Chinese Medicine Tongue Diagnosis” states: “Evil heat entering the nutrient level can appear as thorny protrusions, regardless of whether it is in the middle or lower jiao.”
Key points for diagnosing thorny protrusions on the tongue:
1) Thorny protrusions on the tip of the tongue often indicate excessive heart fire;
2) Thorny protrusions on the sides of the tongue often indicate excessive liver and gallbladder heat;
3) Thorny protrusions in the middle of the tongue often indicate extreme heat in the stomach and intestines;
4) A red tongue with thorny protrusions indicates heat in the yangming qi level;
5) A dark red tongue with thorny protrusions indicates heat that has penetrated deeply into the nutrient and blood levels;
6) The more thorny protrusions on the tongue, the higher the heat, indicating excessive heat in the qi level and organs;
Key points for critical condition tongue diagnosis:
1) A tongue resembling a mirror surface indicates a critical condition;
2) A tongue with a dry, burnt color indicates a critical condition;
3) A tongue resembling a peeled kidney indicates a critical condition;
4) A tongue that is shiny and without coating indicates that the stomach qi has been exhausted and is untreatable;
5) A rough, prickly tongue, dry and cracked, indicates a critical condition;
6) A tongue that is tightly bound, unable to move, and with slurred speech indicates a critical condition.
(8) Observation of Tongue Coating in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Key points for observing tongue coating depend on the color and presence of the coating.
1) How is tongue coating produced? Tongue coating is produced by the stomach qi and stomach yin rising to the tongue surface.“The Essentials of Febrile Diseases” states: “Tongue coating is the vital energy of the stomach, like the fine grass on the ground.” Tongue coating is a layer of coating on the tongue surface.
2) What is the normal tongue coating like? A normal tongue coating is light white, not thick, with a balanced moisture level, neither slippery nor dry. However, in summer, the coating may be thicker and slightly yellow, but not excessive or stagnant, which is still considered normal coating.
3) What is the method of tongue diagnosis? A tongue without coating indicates an exterior condition, a bright red tongue indicates heat, and a pale white tongue indicates cold. The thickness of the tongue coating indicates the depth of the disease;
Thickness of the coating indicates the abundance or deficiency of fluids; a greasy coating indicates damp turbidity; color indicates cold, heat, dampness, and dryness of the evil.
4) How is thick coating produced? Thick coating is produced by the stomach qi, combined with damp and turbid evil qi, steaming and condensing. All five organs derive qi from the stomach, thus it can be used to diagnose the cold and heat of the organs, the deficiency and excess, and the nature and depth of the disease. Since stomach qi is generated by the heart and spleen, healthy individuals often have thin coating, which is the vital energy of the stomach, like fine grass on the ground.
5) Rootless coating: Any tongue coating that is loose and not firmly attached to the tongue surface, easily scraped off, and not self-generated by the tongue is referred to as rootless coating. This is often seen after prolonged illness, indicating a deficiency of stomach qi. It is often a sign of stomach qi depletion, commonly seen in chronic deficiency and cold conditions.
1) Thin coating indicates a mild disease, with the evil being relatively superficial, often due to external pathogens;
2) Thick coating indicates a severe disease, with the evil penetrating deeply. Thick coating indicates loss of appetite, food accumulation, or phlegm-dampness. If accompanied by yellow coating, it indicates damp-heat.
3) No coating (also known as peeling coating) generally indicates significant damage to both stomach qi and yin; depletion of stomach yin leads to qi and blood deficiency; no coating, like an oiled kidney, indicates loss of fluids and is untreatable. Little or no coating indicates yin deficiency: a tongue surface that is smooth and shiny like a mirror is referred to as chicken heart tongue, indicating severe yin injury.
4) White coating indicates exterior syndrome and cold syndrome; if damp-heat is internally abundant, the coating may be white; white coating indicates exterior syndrome and cold syndrome. If there is white coating, it indicates a half-exterior, half-interior condition. Moist coating indicates cold, while dry coating indicates heat.
5) Yellow coating indicates internal heat syndrome. If damp-heat is internally abundant, the coating may be yellow; yellow coating indicates internal heat syndrome. Yellow coating indicates internal conditions, while black coating indicates severe conditions, often leading to death.
6) Moist coating indicates wind-cold exterior syndrome, early damp syndrome, or blood stasis syndrome; moist coating indicates cold, while dry coating indicates heat.
7) Dry coating indicates high fever, excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, damp obstruction, or excessive use of warming and drying medicines;
8) Moist coating with a white and tight pulse indicates cold stagnation in the liver meridian, which may present with lower abdominal pain radiating to the testicles;
9) Greasy coating: a coating that is fine and dense, forming a patch that is difficult to scrape off, indicates damp turbidity, phlegm-dampness, or food accumulation; greasy coating, thick coating with a dense structure indicates excessive dampness.
10) Putrid coating: a coating with coarse particles, loose at the base, resembling tofu dregs, piled on the tongue surface, and can be scraped off, indicates excessive heat and turbid evil steaming in the stomach, rising to the surface, dividing into front, middle, and back sections, with the back indicating excessive heat in the kidneys, bladder, and lower jiao; putrid coating indicates damp-heat;
11) Black coating that is dry indicates excessive heat. Black coating that is moist indicates excessive cold. Black coating indicates severe conditions, often leading to death.
(9) Observation of Headaches in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Why observe the head and face? The head is the meeting point of all yang, where the governor vessel and the three yang meridians of the hands and feet converge. The yin meridians include the ren vessel and the foot jueyin liver meridian, which also converge in the head. The head is the residence of the spirit, housing the brain marrow, which is the abode of the original spirit. The brain is the sea of marrow, governed by the kidneys, whose essence manifests in the hair, and the blood vessels nourish the head and face. Therefore, observing the head, face, neck, and hair is primarily to understand the condition of the heart, kidneys, and the fluctuations of qi and blood.
All six channels can have headaches:
Headache in the back indicates the taiyang channel (foot taiyang bladder channel, hand taiyang small intestine channel);
Headache on both sides indicates the shaoyang channel (foot shaoyang gallbladder channel, hand shaoyang sanjiao channel);
Frontal headache indicates the yangming channel (foot yangming stomach channel, hand yangming large intestine channel);
Vertex headache indicates the jueyin channel (foot jueyin liver channel, hand jueyin pericardium channel);
Head and body pain indicates exterior evil;
Head heaviness often indicates damp-heat;
Head heaviness often indicates brain deficiency and heavy dampness;
Constant head shaking indicates a sign of internal liver wind movement;
Constant head shaking indicates qi and blood deficiency, leading to insufficient nourishment of the brain;
Continuous headache with alternating cold and heat indicates an external pathogen;
Headache with dizziness indicates internal injury;
Dizziness with cold often indicates phlegm-damp obstruction, preventing clear yang from rising;
Dizziness with deficiency often indicates kidney deficiency and excessive liver yang;
Wind-phlegm headache often indicates liver and spleen issues.
(10) Observation of Hands and Feet in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Numbness of the hands and feet, or numbness in one part of the body often indicates qi deficiency;
Numbness of the hands and feet extending to the elbows and arms often indicates a precursor to stroke;
Twitching of the hands and feet often indicates spleen and stomach qi deficiency, leading to insufficient nourishment of the tendons;
Trembling of the hands and feet often indicates blood deficiency, insufficient nourishment of the tendons;
Trembling of the hands and feet due to excessive alcohol consumption also indicates a precursor to stroke;
Feet that cannot walk, are weak but not painful, indicate atrophy syndrome;
Pain in the feet often indicates spleen deficiency;
Weakness and lack of strength in the limbs indicate that the spleen essence cannot distribute properly;
Cold limbs, fatigue, and weakness indicate spleen yang deficiency. Heart disease often presents with pain in the inner arms; spleen disease often presents with pain in the feet; lung disease often presents with pain in the shoulders and back; kidney disease often presents with pain in the lower abdomen; liver disease often presents with pain in the sides, radiating to the lower abdomen;
(11) Observation of Diet in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Abdominal distension and pain after eating indicate excess;
Relief of pain after eating indicates deficiency;
Preference for cold food often indicates heat syndrome;
Preference for hot food often indicates cold syndrome;
Any disease that worsens after eating often indicates excess syndrome;
Any disease that improves slightly after eating often indicates deficiency syndrome;
Feeling bloated after eating indicates qi stagnation and food obstruction;
Good appetite with bloating indicates a strong stomach but weak spleen;
Inability to eat due to stomach discomfort indicates phlegm-heat obstruction;
Excessive eating leading to weight loss indicates internal fire;
(12) Observation of Urination in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Clear urination indicates cold;
Yellow and red urination indicates heat;
Deep yellow urination indicates internal damp-heat;
Bright red urination indicates blood heat and reckless movement;
Short and yellow urination indicates excess syndrome;
Brownish-yellow urination resembling pus indicates damp-heat jaundice;
Yellow-red and turbid urination, with painful and difficult urination, indicates damp-heat;
Foul-smelling and turbid urination indicates damp-heat affecting the bladder;
Foul-smelling and turbid urination indicates bladder damp-heat;
Frequent urination with clear urine indicates deficiency cold;
Frequent clear urination with involuntary leakage indicates qi deficiency;
Dribbling urination with abdominal pain and fever indicates excess heat;
Little or no urination with cold in the waist indicates deficiency syndrome;
Dribbling urination with sharp pain indicates a high likelihood of gonorrhea;
Frequent urination with pain and red color indicates blood lin;
Frequent and urgent urination with red color often indicates bladder damp-heat or kidney deficiency;
Frequent urination with thirst and weight loss indicates diabetes;
Involuntary urination indicates kidney qi instability. In children, bedwetting indicates developmental immaturity;
In boys, a scrotum that is neither tight nor loose indicates a strong kidney qi;
In boys, a loose scrotum often indicates physical weakness or fever.
(13) Observation of Bowel Movements in Disease Diagnosis Q&A:
Loose, thin, and watery stools indicate spleen yang deficiency;
Weak and loose stools indicate spleen qi deficiency;
Thick, sticky, and foul-smelling stools indicate heat;
Black, tarry stools indicate blood stasis;
Stools resembling purple paste indicate damp-heat;
Putrid, foul-smelling stools indicate internal heat accumulation;
Bloody stools indicate dysentery, often due to large intestine damp-heat;
Foul-smelling stools indicate internal heat and poor digestion;
Loose stools with little odor indicate spleen and stomach deficiency;
Frequent, loose stools indicate qi deficiency in the spleen and stomach;
Constipation with blood deficiency indicates dry stools;
Constipation with new symptoms and abdominal distension indicates excess syndrome;
Constipation with excess heat indicates yangming syndrome;
Constipation with excess cold indicates yin syndrome;
Constipation in the elderly, chronic illness, or pregnant women often indicates deficiency of fluids and blood;
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