Source: Medical Education Network
1. Shi Mai (Full Pulse): The pulse is strong in all three positions: cun, guan, and chi.
Main Disease: Full syndrome. The pathogenic qi is excessive while the righteous qi is abundant, leading to a clash between the two, resulting in a strong pulse due to full qi and blood.
2. Chen Mai (Deep Pulse): Not palpable with light pressure, but palpable with heavy pressure. Characterized by a deep pulse location.
Main Disease: Interior syndrome. A strong pulse indicates interior excess, while a weak pulse indicates interior deficiency. Pathogenic factors are trapped in the interior, causing qi and blood stagnation, leading to a strong deep pulse for excess; a weak deep pulse indicates deficiency due to organ weakness and insufficient yang qi.
3. Xian Mai (Wiry Pulse): The pulse is straight and long, like a taut bowstring, with significant hardness.
Main Disease: Qi stagnation, liver and gallbladder disorders, and pain syndromes. Commonly seen in external pathogenic Shaoyang syndrome, liver diseases, gallbladder diseases, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and various pain conditions.
4. Hong Mai (Surging Pulse): The pulse is large and surging, like turbulent waves, with a wide and fluctuating shape.
Main Disease: Heat syndrome, with excessive yang heat. Commonly seen in patients with high fever.
5. Shuo Mai (Rapid Pulse): The pulse is rapid (over 90 beats per minute). Characterized by a faster pulse than normal.
Main Disease: Heat syndrome. A strong pulse indicates excess heat, while a weak pulse indicates deficient heat. Initial stages of external heat illness, with excessive internal heat, lead to a rapid and strong pulse for excess heat; yin deficiency with internal heat leads to a rapid and weak pulse for deficient heat.
6. Cu Mai (Hasty Pulse): The pulse is rapid with irregular pauses, indicating a quick and irregular rhythm.
Main Disease: Excess yang heat or stagnation of qi, blood, phlegm, and food. Seen in conditions of qi and blood stagnation, swelling and pain, and various excess heat syndromes. A fine and hasty pulse often indicates a state of collapse.
7. Hua Mai (Slippery Pulse): The pulse is smooth and flowing, like rolling beads.
Main Disease: Often associated with excessive pathogenic factors and internal stagnation of phlegm and food. This pulse can also be seen in healthy individuals with abundant qi and blood, and is common in pregnant women. In pathological conditions, it is often seen in phlegm-dampness, food stagnation, blood stasis, and excess heat, such as various inflammations, indigestion, excess conditions, and malignancies.
8. Fu Mai (Floating Pulse): Palpable with light pressure, but diminishes with heavy pressure. Characterized by a superficial pulse location.
Main Disease: Exterior syndrome due to external pathogenic factors lingering on the surface, with defensive qi resisting the pathogen, resulting in a superficial pulse. A strong floating pulse indicates exterior excess; a weak floating pulse indicates exterior deficiency. Chronic internal injuries due to deficiency of yin blood and insufficient yang qi can lead to a floating pulse that is large and weak, indicating a critical condition.
9. Huan Mai (Slow Pulse): Four beats per breath, neither fast nor slow, neither strong nor weak, with a gentle pulse, indicating a normal pulse with stomach qi, seen in healthy individuals.
In pathological conditions, it may indicate dampness obstructing qi or recovery after illness.
10. Chi Mai (Slow Pulse): The pulse is slow (under 60 beats per minute).
Main Disease: Cold syndrome. A strong pulse indicates excess cold, while a weak pulse indicates deficient cold. Cold causes stagnation, leading to slow circulation of qi and blood, resulting in a slow and strong pulse for excess cold. Deficient yang qi leads to a slow and weak pulse for deficient cold. Athletes and heavy laborers often have a slow pulse as a physiological state.
11. Xi Mai (Thin Pulse): The pulse is thin like a thread, with distinct rises and falls.
Main Disease: Deficiency syndrome, often seen in yin deficiency and blood deficiency. Also indicates dampness. Insufficient yin blood fails to fill the pulse channel, or dampness obstructs the pulse channel, resulting in a thin pulse.
12. Xu Mai (Weak Pulse): The pulse is weak in all three positions: cun, guan, and chi. Palpable only with heavy pressure, indicating a soft and empty quality, a general term for all weak pulses.
Main Disease: Deficiency syndrome, often due to both qi and blood deficiency, making it difficult to generate a pulse, hence it feels empty upon palpation.
13. Jie Mai (Knotted Pulse): The pulse is slow with irregular pauses.
Main Disease: Excessive yin leading to qi stagnation, cold phlegm, and blood stasis. Analysis: Internal cold leads to stagnation, causing a slow pulse with intermittent stops. Cold phlegm and blood stasis lead to qi stagnation, resulting in a slow pulse that is weak and intermittent.
14. Se Mai (Choppy Pulse): The pulse is rough and stagnant, like a knife scraping bamboo.
Main Disease: Often associated with deficiency of essence, low blood volume, qi stagnation, and blood stasis, commonly seen in anemia, blood loss, postpartum conditions, and blood stasis disorders.
15. Dai Mai (Intermittent Pulse): The pulse has regular pauses, with a fixed number of stops, unable to return on its own, and resumes after a long time, indicating a regular rhythm of pauses, with the pulse stopping at a certain count.
Main Disease: A sign of weak organ qi, can be seen in arrhythmias such as bigeminy and trigeminy.
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