Traditional Chinese Medicine Case Study / Clinical Reference Article for Learning TCM
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), treating common fevers is a fundamental skill, as routine as eating. It should be easy to treat, yet sometimes it is not. Today, I will share a case of a child who had a persistent fever for several days. The child’s mother, also knowledgeable in TCM, sought my help due to the prolonged fever.Many children with fever are treated with Western medicine to induce sweating, which may temporarily reduce the fever, but it often returns shortly after. Even with TCM patent medicines, the fever may subside temporarily but then return, or it may only resolve during the day and recur in the afternoon or evening.There is a key point here: when a child has a fever, they may sweat, but as the weather cools in the afternoon and evening, the fever can return. This indicates a deficiency of body fluids and the need to eliminate dampness, especially if the tongue coating is thick. In fact, eliminating dampness and replenishing body fluids can occur simultaneously. For example, the ancient formula for treating epidemics, Da Yuan Yin (达原饮), both clears heat and transforms dampness while replenishing body fluids. However, sometimes the exterior-releasing aspect is slightly lacking.In this case, I confidently predicted that the child would have a fever reduction by the next day, and indeed, it happened as expected. As a doctor, one should not make absolute statements, but with experience, one can have confidence. The details are shown in the screenshots below:The young patient had a persistent low-grade fever around 38 degrees Celsius. The parents had previously used TCM patent medicines, which induced some sweating and temporarily reduced the fever. However, the fever persisted for several days. Upon examination, the patient’s tongue coating was white with a slight yellowish tint, indicating dampness and turbidity, and the pulse was floating and wiry. This suggested that it was not a case of Taiyang (太阳) cold damage with a tight pulse.I did not inquire whether the patient was afraid of the cold, which was an oversight, but the pulse was wiry rather than tight, which basically ruled out Taiyang cold damage. The patient did not report severe headaches, indicating that the condition was not serious. That afternoon, I prescribed a TCM patent medicine: Yin Qiao San (银翘散) to clear heat, Fang Feng (防风) to release the exterior, Bao He Wan (保和丸) to transform dampness, and Mai Dong (麦冬) to replenish body fluids. After taking it a couple of times, the fever had not subsided by evening, and the parents were anxious. I then decided to prescribe a decoction for a more comprehensive approach, assuring them that the fever would resolve by the next day. The prescription was as follows:Jing Jie (荆芥) 6g, Fang Feng (防风) 4g, Lian Qiao (连翘) 4g, Bai He (百合) 9g, Chai Hu (柴胡) 4g, Huang Qin (黄芩) 4g, Xing Ren (杏仁) 6g, Cao Guo (草果) 1 piece, Bin Lang (槟榔) 4g, Hou Po (厚朴) 4g, Che Qian Zi (车前子) 6g, Bai Shao (白芍) 6g, Mai Dong (麦冬) 9g, Zhi Mu (知母) 4g, Zhi Gan Cao (炙甘草) 4g, Sheng Jiang (生姜) 2 slices, Yu Zhu (玉竹) 9g, for two doses.Indeed, by the evening, after taking the medicine a couple of times, the fever had completely subsided by the next morning, and there was no fever throughout the afternoon.Here is a brief introduction to Da Yuan Yin (达原饮) from Baidu:“Da Yuan Yin, originally named Da Yuan San, was created by the Ming Dynasty TCM physician Wu Youke (吴又可) and is recorded in the “Wen Yi Lun” (温疫论). It consists of seven ingredients: Bin Lang (槟榔), Hou Po (厚朴), Cao Guo (草果), Zhi Mu (知母), Bai Shao (白芍), Huang Qin (黄芩), and Zhi Gan Cao (甘草). It is used for epidemic diseases or malaria with hidden pathogens, characterized by aversion to cold and strong heat, with daily occurrences of fever. Wu Youke pointed out that Bin Lang eliminates the miasma of Lingnan, Hou Po breaks the stagnant qi, and Cao Guo expels hidden pathogens. These three ingredients work together to reach the nest of the pathogens, causing them to collapse and quickly leave the membranes… The other four ingredients are merely harmonizing agents.”The main medicinal ingredients of Da Yuan Yin should be Cao Guo and Zhi Mu, as Cao Guo treats the cold of the Taiyin and Zhi Mu treats the heat of the Yangming. Clinically, it is used to treat damp-heat obstruction, leading to fluctuating cold and heat, persistent fever, chest fullness, nausea, and even diarrhea during the summer and autumn gastrointestinal type colds.[Indications] Epidemic diseases or malaria with hidden pathogens. Aversion to cold and strong heat, with fever occurring one to three times a day, or at irregular times, accompanied by chest tightness, nausea, headache, irritability, wiry and rapid pulse, deep red tongue edges, and greasy tongue coating, or thick white coating like accumulated powder. (This formula is commonly used for malaria, influenza, and viral encephalitis associated with warm heat epidemic toxins hidden in the membranes.)[Modifications] For rib pain and ear deafness, add Chai Hu (柴胡) 3g; for low back and neck pain, add Qiang Huo (羌活) 3g; for eye pain and orbital pain, add Gan Cao (干葛) 3g.[Formula Song] “Da Yuan, Cao Guo, Bin Lang, Hou Po, Zhi Mu, Huang Qin, Bai Shao, Zhi Gan Cao as assistants, dispel filth and transform turbidity to reach the membranes, expelling hidden pathogens from the membranes, causing cold and heat to act together.”Da Yuan Yin combines Bin Lang, Hou Po, and Cao Guo to warm and transform dampness, while Zhi Gan Cao, Zhi Mu, and Bai Shao replenish body fluids, and Huang Qin and Zhi Mu clear heat. It simultaneously warms and transforms dampness while replenishing body fluids, addressing both cold and heat.The prescription I provided is actually a modification of Da Yuan Yin, adding Jing Jie and Fang Feng to enhance the exterior-releasing effect (though not as strong as Ma Huang (麻黄) and Gui Zhi (桂枝)), and adding Bai He, Mai Dong, and Yu Zhu to strengthen the replenishment of body fluids, along with Che Qian Zi to enhance dampness elimination, and Yin Hua (银花) and Lian Qiao to strengthen heat-clearing and detoxifying effects (which is relatively necessary for viral infections), and Sheng Jiang to warm the interior. The formula uses Zhi Mu and Huang Qin to clear excess heat from the interior. After taking the medicine, the fever quickly subsided.This formula is particularly suitable for children who have already sweated or have recurrent low-grade fevers that worsen in the afternoon and evening, with a slightly greasy tongue coating, making it relatively widely applicable.I have previously mentioned in my public account that I have a universal formula for treating various fevers, including COVID-19 and influenza, which is essentially a modified Ma Huang Sheng Ma Tang (麻黄升麻汤) combined with some detoxifying herbs, and Cao Guo and others. It is comprehensive, replenishing body fluids while eliminating dampness, releasing the exterior while warming the interior, clearing heat while warming the interior, and addressing both cold and heat.The formula used to treat this child is somewhat similar to the modified Ma Huang Sheng Ma Tang, as Jing Jie and Fang Feng are similar to Ma Huang and Gui Zhi, but not as strong in releasing the exterior. Che Qian Zi is similar to Bai Zhu (白术) and Fu Ling (茯苓). Yu Zhu and Zhi Mu are common to both formulas.In fact, Da Yuan Yin has some resemblance to the classic formula Ma Huang Sheng Ma Tang, as it uses both dampness transformation and body fluid replenishment. However, Da Yuan Yin has fewer exterior-releasing herbs and more dampness-transforming herbs like Cao Guo and Bin Lang. That’s all I want to say.Another reason for not using Ma Huang and Gui Zhi is that the patient had a recurrent fever for several days and had already sweated. The pulse was wiry, and considering the current atmospheric conditions, there was a balance of cold water and the ruling fire. Although there was cold water obstructing the exterior, there was also ruling fire warming and opening it somewhat. It was not too closed. Of course, if the patient had severe chills and fever with a tight pulse, one would naturally consider using Ma Huang and Gui Zhi. Ultimately, the treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation.“Mycoplasma pneumonia is prevalent, and three cases were recorded previously treated with a universal formula for rapid fever reduction for COVID-19 and influenza – along with an analysis of the five movements and six qi.”
Kongtong Daoist Jingzhitang
Collection of Articles on the Five Movements and Six Qi
Exploring the Theory of Qi Mechanism in TCM: Unveiling the Millennia of Mysteries
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