Definition: The syndrome of Jin Ye Kui Xu Zheng (Fluid Deficiency Syndrome) refers to the condition where the body’s fluids are insufficient, leading to a lack of nourishment and moisture in the body, organs, and orifices. The main manifestations include thirst, desire to drink, reduced urination, dry stools, and dryness of the orifices and skin.
Symptom Manifestations: Dryness of the mouth, nose, lips, tongue, throat, and skin; skin may appear shriveled and lacking elasticity; sunken eyeballs; thirst; reduced and yellow urine; hard and difficult bowel movements; red tongue with little moisture; thin, rapid, and weak pulse.
Etiology and Pathogenesis: Excessive loss of fluids due to high fever, profuse sweating, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea, burns, etc.
Symptom Analysis: 1) Insufficient fluids lead to a lack of nourishment and moisture in the organs and tissues, resulting in dryness of the mouth, nose, lips, tongue, throat, and skin, and possibly shriveled skin and sunken eyeballs; 2) Fluid depletion leads to insufficient urine production, resulting in reduced and yellow urine; 3) Deficiency of intestinal fluids leads to hard and difficult bowel movements; 4) Insufficient yin fluids with excess yang energy results in a red, dry tongue with little moisture and a thin, rapid pulse.
Syndrome Characteristics: 1) Mild fluid deficiency is generally referred to as Shang Jin Zheng (Fluid Injury Syndrome) or Jin Kui Zheng (Fluid Deficiency Syndrome), primarily presenting with dryness symptoms; 2) Severe fluid deficiency is generally referred to as Ye Hao (Fluid Depletion) or Tuo Ye (Fluid Loss), primarily characterized by shriveled skin and sunken eyeballs.
Common Syndromes: Fluid deficiency can be clinically divided into Fei Zao Jin Shang Zheng (Lung Dryness and Fluid Injury Syndrome), Wei Zao Jin Kui Zheng (Stomach Dryness and Fluid Deficiency Syndrome), Chang Zao Jin Kui Zheng (Intestinal Dryness and Fluid Deficiency Syndrome), etc., based on the affected organs.
Connection: Fluid deficiency falls under the category of yin deficiency, and can be interrelated with qi deficiency and blood deficiency, forming syndromes such as Yin Ye Kui Xu Zheng (Yin Fluid Deficiency Syndrome), Jin Qi Kui Xu Zheng (Fluid and Qi Deficiency Syndrome), and Jin Ku Xue Zao Zheng (Fluid Depletion and Blood Dryness Syndrome).
Key Points for Differentiation: The main manifestations include thirst, reduced urination, dry stools, and dryness of the mouth, nose, lips, tongue, and skin.
Definition: Tan Zheng (Phlegm Syndrome) refers to the condition where phlegm and turbidity accumulate or flow between the organs and tissues, clinically characterized by excessive phlegm, chest tightness, nausea, dizziness, obesity, and masses.
Symptom Manifestations: Coughing with excessive phlegm, thick and sticky phlegm, chest tightness and discomfort, nausea and poor appetite, vomiting phlegm and saliva, dizziness, and obesity.
Symptom Analysis: The clinical manifestations of phlegm syndrome are diverse, hence the saying, “Many diseases are caused by phlegm” and “Strange diseases often involve phlegm.” 1) Phlegm obstructs the lungs, causing abnormal lung qi descent, leading to coughing and phlegm expectoration; 2) Poor lung qi flow results in chest tightness; 3) Phlegm obstructs the stomach, causing loss of harmony and descent, leading to epigastric fullness, poor appetite, nausea, and vomiting of phlegm and saliva; 4) Phlegm obstructs the clear orifices, leading to dizziness; 5) Phlegm dampness on the skin leads to obesity; 6) Phlegm obstructs the heart spirit, causing confusion and disturbance of the mind; 7) Phlegm accumulates in the subcutaneous muscles, forming lumps, which can appear as smooth and flexible masses in certain body parts, such as lymph nodes in the neck, phlegm nodules in the limbs, and breast lumps; 8) Phlegm obstructs the throat, often presenting as Mei He Qi (Plum Pit Qi); 9) Phlegm stagnates in the meridians, causing qi and blood stagnation, leading to numbness in the limbs and hemiplegia; 10) A greasy tongue coating and slippery pulse indicate internal phlegm obstruction.
Classification of Phlegm: Based on the characteristics of phlegm and accompanying symptoms, phlegm syndrome can be classified into cold phlegm, heat phlegm, damp phlegm, dry phlegm, as well as wind phlegm and stagnant phlegm.
Key Points for Differentiation: The main manifestations include excessive phlegm, chest tightness, nausea, dizziness, obesity, local round and flexible masses, greasy tongue coating, and slippery pulse.
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