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This type of medicine functions to clear internal heat, relieve heat toxins, and cool the blood, mainly used for heat constitution and internal heat syndromes.
1. Xuan Shen (Scrophularia) – Xuan Shen is the root of the Scrophulariaceae plant Scrophularia ningpoensis and Scrophularia buergeriana, containing xuan shenoside, iridoid glycosides; it also contains volatile oils, alkaloids, etc. Pharmacological tests have shown that the water extract, alcohol extract, and decoction of Xuan Shen have blood pressure-lowering effects; Xuan Shen also has vasodilatory and cardiotonic effects; various preparations of Xuan Shen have antipyretic and anticonvulsant effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) believes it is cold in nature, sweet and bitter in taste, functions to nourish yin and lower fire, cool the blood and detoxify, suitable for heat disease with thirst, rashes, bone steaming, night sweats, spontaneous sweating, injury to fluids with constipation, and sore throat. Dosage: 6-12 grams; avoid use in cases of loose stools and excessive phlegm-dampness.
2. Jue Ming Zi (Cassia Seed) – Jue Ming Zi is the seed of the leguminous plant Cassia obtusifolia or Cassia tora, containing anthraquinones and anthrones, Jue Ming Su and vitamin A, etc. Pharmacological tests have shown that Jue Ming Zi has blood pressure-lowering and serum cholesterol-lowering effects; it has antibacterial effects against various pathogens and promotes soft stools. TCM believes it is slightly cold in nature, sweet and bitter in taste, functions to clear the liver and brighten the eyes, promote urination and relieve constipation, suitable for liver heat or wind-heat in the liver channel causing red, painful eyes, photophobia, and excessive tearing; it is also effective for treating hypertension, hepatitis, cirrhosis with ascites, and habitual constipation. Dosage: 3-9 grams, crushed and decocted.
3. Di Gu Pi (Lycium Bark) – Di Gu Pi is the root bark of the Solanaceae plant Lycium barbarum, containing cinnamic acid, various phenolic compounds, betaine, and linoleic acid; Di Gu Pi has significant antipyretic effects, and its decoction can lower blood sugar, reduce serum cholesterol, and has anti-fatty liver effects. The infusion of Di Gu Pi has shown significant blood pressure-lowering effects in animals. TCM believes it is cold in nature, sweet and bland in taste, functions to cool the blood, reduce steaming, clear lung heat, suitable for deficiency heat with night sweats, lung heat cough and wheezing, blood heat causing hemoptysis, epistaxis, carbuncles, and tuberculosis, as well as hypertension. Dosage: generally 3-9 grams.
4. Lu Gen (Reed Rhizome) – Lu Gen is the underground stem of the grass plant Phragmites australis, containing coixol, asparagine, etc. TCM believes it is cold in nature, sweet in taste, functions to clear heat and generate fluids, relieve irritability, stop vomiting, and promote urination, suitable for heat disease injuring fluids, irritability and thirst, gastric heat vomiting, choking sensation, and treating lung heat cough, lung abscess, etc. Dosage: generally 9-30 grams for dried; 15-40 grams for fresh.
5. Lian Qiao (Forsythia Fruit) – Lian Qiao is the fruit of the Oleaceae plant Forsythia suspensa, containing volatile oils, forsythoside, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc.; pharmacological tests indicate that Lian Qiao has broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, with forsythoside being a major antibacterial component; Lian Qiao also has anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, diuretic, and cardiotonic effects; the flavonoids can enhance capillary density, thus having hemostatic effects for bleeding caused by capillary rupture and subcutaneous hemorrhage. TCM believes it is slightly cold in nature, bitter in taste, functions to clear heat and detoxify, disperse lumps and reduce swelling, suitable for warm heat, erysipelas, rashes, carbuncles, and allergic purpura, etc. Dosage: generally 6-9 grams.
6. Mu Dan Pi (Peony Root) – Mu Dan Pi is the root bark of the Ranunculaceae plant Paeonia lactiflora, containing paeonol, paeoniflorin, volatile oils, and plant sterols, etc. Pharmacological tests have shown that Mu Dan Pi has blood pressure-lowering effects; it has analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects; it has strong inhibitory effects against various pathogens. TCM believes it is cool in nature, bitter and pungent in taste, functions to clear heat, cool the blood, harmonize the blood, and clear stasis, suitable for heat entering the blood level, rashes, severe pain, hemoptysis, carbuncles, and traumatic injuries. Dosage: 5-9 grams, but avoid use in cases of spleen and stomach deficiency with diarrhea.
7. Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena) – Zhi Mu is the rhizome of the Liliaceae plant Anemarrhena asphodeloides, containing various saponins and their glycosides, as well as two flavonoids, mangiferin, etc. Tests have shown that Zhi Mu has significant antipyretic effects, with notable efficacy against epidemic hemorrhagic fever, epidemic type B encephalitis, and tidal fever in tuberculosis. TCM believes it is cold in nature, sweet and bitter in taste, functions to clear heat and drain fire, nourish yin and moisten dryness, suitable for lung heat cough or yin deficiency cough, irritability and thirst, bone steaming, difficulty urinating, and constipation. Dosage: generally 6-9 grams, but avoid use in cases of kidney yang deficiency, weak pulse, and loose stools.
8. Ban Lan Gen (Isatis Root) – Ban Lan Gen is the root of the Brassicaceae plant Isatis indigotica and Isatis tinctoria, containing indigo, indigo B, β-sitosterol, etc.; Ban Lan Gen has significant antiviral effects. It inhibits various pathogens and has effects against leptospirosis. Clinically, Ban Lan Gen decoction taken orally or injected intramuscularly has shown significant efficacy in treating epidemic type B encephalitis; it is also effective for acute and chronic hepatitis, alleviating or resolving symptoms and improving liver function; Ban Lan Gen is effective in treating viral skin diseases such as herpes simplex, shingles, pityriasis rosea, and flat warts. TCM believes it is cold in nature, bitter in taste, functions to clear heat and detoxify, cool the blood, and benefit the throat, suitable for influenza encephalitis, type B encephalitis, pneumonia, erysipelas, heat toxin rashes, fire eyes, herpes, etc. Dosage: generally 5-9 grams; but not suitable for those with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold.
9. Jin Yin Hua (Honeysuckle Flower) – Jin Yin Hua is the flower bud of the Caprifoliaceae plant Lonicera japonica, containing chlorogenic acid, inositol, flavonoids, etc.; pharmacological tests have shown that Jin Yin Hua has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects, inhibiting influenza viruses and various pathogens, reflecting its heat-clearing and detoxifying effects. TCM believes it is cold in nature, sweet in taste, functions to clear heat and detoxify, suitable for warm disease with fever, heat toxin dysentery, sores, carbuncles, and boils, etc. Dosage: generally 6-12 grams; but not suitable for those with deficiency-cold diarrhea and sores with clear pus without heat toxin.
10. Xia Ku Cao (Selfheal) – Xia Ku Cao is the flower or whole herb of the Lamiaceae plant Prunella vulgaris, containing triterpenoid saponins and their aglycones, oleanolic acid, volatile oils, and vitamins, potassium chloride, etc.; pharmacological studies have shown that the whole herb of Xia Ku Cao has blood pressure-lowering effects; its decoction has varying degrees of inhibitory effects against common skin fungi and various pathogens. TCM believes it is cold in nature, bitter and pungent in taste, functions to clear liver fire, disperse stagnation, and lower blood pressure, suitable for red, swollen, painful eyes caused by liver fire, eye pain, photophobia, headache, dizziness, etc.; it is also used for scrofula and goiter caused by phlegm-fire stagnation. Dosage: generally around 9 grams.
11. Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fruit) – Zhi Zi is the fruit of the Rubiaceae plant Gardenia jasminoides, containing various bitter glycosides, as well as mannitol, ursolic acid, etc. Zhi Zi has a choleretic effect, increasing bile secretion; it also has cooling, sedative, analgesic, and anticonvulsant effects; it has antimicrobial effects, inhibiting various pathogens and skin pathogens. TCM believes it is cold in nature, bitter in taste, functions to drain fire and relieve irritability, clear heat and promote dampness, cool the blood and detoxify, suitable for heat disease with irritability and insomnia, jaundice, red eyes, epistaxis, and heat toxin sores. Dosage: 3-9 grams.
12. Pu Gong Ying (Dandelion) – Pu Gong Ying is the whole herb of the Asteraceae plant Taraxacum mongolicum, containing taraxasterol, choline, inulin, and fruit acids; its decoction has antimicrobial effects; it also has liver-protective, choleretic, and immune-enhancing effects. TCM believes it is cold in nature, sweet and bitter in taste, functions to clear heat and detoxify, reduce swelling and disperse lumps, suitable for acute mastitis, lymphadenitis, shoulder gland inflammation, gastritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, urinary tract infections, etc. Dosage: 9-15 grams, crushed and applied externally, can be used for breast abscesses, rashes, and carbuncles.
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